![]() With the creation of the first fundamental forces of the universe, the Inflation Epoch began, lasting from 10 -32 seconds in Planck time to an unknown point. Then, from 10 -36 to 10 -32 seconds after the Big Bang, the temperature of the universe was low enough (10 28 K) that the forces of electromagnetism (strong force) and weak nuclear forces (weak interaction) were able to separate as well, forming two distinct forces. The first step in this was the force of gravitation separating from gauge forces, which account for strong and weak nuclear forces and electromagnetism. It is here that the fundamental forces that govern the Universe are believed to have began separating from each other. It thus began to expand and cool, leading to the manifestation of the fundamental forces of physics.įrom approximately 10 -43 second and 10 -36, the universe began to cross transition temperatures. Due to the extreme heat and density of matter, the state of the universe was highly unstable. This Planck period of time extends from point 0 to approximately 10 -43 seconds, and is so named because it can only be measured in Planck time. During this period, it is believed that the quantum effects of gravity dominated physical interactions and that no other physical forces were of equal strength to gravitation. At this time, all matter was condensed on a single point of infinite density and extreme heat. Still, many theories prevail as to what took place in this initial instant in time, many of which are compatible.Īlso known as the Planck Epoch (or Planck Era), this was the earliest known period of the Universe. ![]() What's more, experiments that can create the kinds of energies involved have not yet been conducted. Given that the laws of physics as we know them could not have existed at this time, it is difficult to fathom how the Universe could have been governed. ![]() However, the earliest times of the Universe – lasting from approximately 10 -43 to 10 -11 seconds after the Big Bang – are the subject of extensive speculation. Through the testing of theoretical principles, experiments involving particle accelerators and high-energy states, and astronomical studies that have observed the deep universe, scientists have constructed a timeline of events that began with the Big Bang and has led to the current state of cosmic evolution. This all began roughly 13.8 billion years ago, and is thus considered to be the age of the universe. Giant clouds of these primordial elements later coalesced through gravity to form stars and galaxies. After the initial expansion, the theory maintains that Universe cooled sufficiently to allow the formation of subatomic particles, and later simple atoms. Working backwards from the current state of the Universe, scientists have theorized that it must have originated at a single point of infinite density and finite time that began to expand. Not only does the model explain the origin of all known matter, the laws of physics, and the large scale structure of the Universe, it also accounts for the expansion of the Universe and a broad range of other phenomena. While this is not the only modern theory of how the Universe came into being – for example, there is the Steady State Theory or the Oscillating Universe Theory – it is the most widely accepted and popular. Suddenly, the Singularity began expanding, and the universe as we know it began. At this time, all matter was compacted into a very small ball with infinite density and intense heat called a Singularity. In short, the Big Bang hypothesis states that all of the current and past matter in the Universe came into existence at the same time, roughly 13.8 billion years ago. The basics of the theory are fairly simple. But what exactly does it mean? How was our Universe conceived in a massive explosion, what proof is there of this, and what does the theory say about the long-term projections for our Universe? This should come as no surprise, seeing as how it is the most accepted theory of our origins. For almost a century, the term has been bandied about by scholars and non-scholars alike.
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